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ad abundantiorem cautelam (ad ab-an-dan-shee-or-am kaw-tee-am). [Law Latin] Hist. For more abundant caution. Also termed ad cautelam ex superabundanti (ad kaw-tee-Iam eks s[y]oo-par-ab-an-dan-tI).

ad admittendum clericum (ad ad-mi-ten-dam kler-a-kam). [Law Latin], See DE CLERICO ADMITTENDO.

ad aliud examen (ad ay-Iee-ad eg-zay-man), adv. [Law Latin], To another tribunal.

ad alium diem (ad ay-lee-am dI-am), adv. [Law Latin] To another day.

ad assisas capiendas (ad-a-slz-as kap-ee-en-das). [Law Latin]To take assizes; to hold assizes.

ad auctoritatem praestandam (ad awk-tor-i-tay-tem pree-stand-dem).[Law Latin]. Hist. For interposing their authority. The phrase typically referred to tutors or curators ad litem who provided authority but incurred no personal liability in exercising their office.

ad audiendam considerationem curiae (ad aw-dee-en-dam kan-sid-a-ray-shee-oh-nam kyoor-ee-I), vb. [Law Latin] To hear the judgment of the court.

ad audiendum et determinandum (ad aw-dee-en-dam et di-tar-mi-nan-dam), vb[Law Latin] To hear and determine.See OYER ET TERMINER.

ad barram (ad bahr-am), adv. [Law Latin] To the bar; at the bar.

ad barram evocatus (ad bahr-am ee-voh-kay-tas). [Law Latin] Called to the bar. See CALL TO THE BAR.

ad campi partem (ad kam-pI pahr-tam or -tem). [Law Latin] For a share of the field or land.

ad captandum lucrum (ad cap-tan-dam-loo-kram). [Law Latin], Hist. For the purpose of making gain.

ad captum vulgi (ad kap-tam val-jI). [Law LatinI Adapted to the common understanding. The phrase appeared in reference to statutes concerning matters that people usu. handled without legal assistance.

ad cautelam ex superabundant See AD ABUNDANTIOREM CAUTELAM.

ad civilem effectum (ad sa-vI-Iam e-fek-tam). [Law Latin] Hist. As to the civil effect. The phrase appeared in reference to the effect of an act in a civil case, as distinguished from the effect of the same act in a criminal case.

ad coelum doctrine The common-law rule that a landowner holds everything above and below the land, up to the sky and down to the earth's core, including all minerals. This rule governs ownership of "hard" (immovable) minerals such as coal, but not "fugacious" (volatile) minerals such as oil and Cf. RULE OF CAPTURE.

ad coelum et ad inferos [Law Latin) Up to the sky and down to the center of the earth <the ownership of land extends ad coelum et ad inferos.

ad colligendum (ad kol-i-jen-dam). [Law Latin] For collecting <administrator ad colligendum>.

ad colligendum bona defuncti (ad kol-i-jen-dam boh-na di-fangk-ti).[Law Latin "for collecting the goods of the deceased"], Special letters of administration authoriZing a person to collect and preserve a decedent's property.

ad commune nocumentum (ad ka-myoo-nee nok-ya-men-tam), adv. [Law Latin] To the common nuisance.

ad communem legem (ad ka-myoo-nam lee-jam), n. [Law Latin "to common law"], Hist. A writ of entry available after the death ofa life tenant to recover a reversionary interest in land alienated by the tenant. Also termed entry ad communem legem.

ad comparendum (ad kom-pa-ren-dam), vb. [Law Latin], To appear. This term is part of the larger phrase ad comparendum, et ad standum juri ("to appear and to stand to the law"). Also termed (in standard Latin) ad comparandum.

ad computum reddendum (ad kam-pyoo-tam ri-den-dam),vb. [Law Latin] To render an account.

ad consimiles casus (ad kan-sim-a-Ieez kay-sas). [Law Latin] Hist. To similar cases. See CONSIMILI CASU.

ad convincendam conscientiam judicis (ad kon-vin-sen-dam kon-shee-en-shee-am joo-di-sis). [Law Latin], Scots law. Sufficient to satisfy the moral conviction of the judge . The phrase appeared in reference to circumstantial evidence that was admissible in paternity cases because direct proof was unavailable.

ad culpam (ad kal-pam), adv. [Law Latin], Until miscon duct.

ad curiam (ad kyoor-ee-am), adv. [Law Latin], At a court; to court.

ad curiam vocare (ad kyoor-ee-am voh-kair-ee), vb. [Law Latin], To summon to court.

ad custagia (ad ka-stay-jee-a), adv. [Law Latin], At the costs.

ad custum (ad kas-tam), adv. [Law Latin] At the cost.

ad damnum clause (ad dam-nam). [Latin "to the damage"], A clause in a prayer for relief stating the amount of damages claimed. See PRAYER FOR RELIEF. "Where the amount the plaintiff is entitled to recover appears from the statement of facts as where the amount due the plaintiff is alleged on breach of a money demand, the demand of judgment may take the place of an ad damnum clause." Edwin E. Bryant, The Law of Pleading Under the Codes of Civil Procedure 209 (2d ed. 1899).

ad defendendum (ad di-fen-den-dam), vb. [Latin} To defend.

ad diem (ad dl-am). [Latin], At a day; at the appointed day.

ad effectum (ad i-fek-tam). [Law Latin] To the effect.

ad effectum sequentem (ad i-fek-tam si-kwen-tam). [Law Latin], To the effect following.

ad eversion em juris nostri (ad i-var-shee-oh-nam joor-is nos-tri). [Law Latin], To the overthrow of our right.

ad excambium (ad eks-kam-bee-am). [Law Latin] For exchange; for compensation.

ad exhaeredationem (ad eks-heer-a-day-shee-oh-nam). [Law Latin], To the disinheritance; to the injury of the inberitance. "The writ of waste calls upon the tenant to appear and shew cause why he hath committed waste and destruction in the place named, ad exhaeredationem, to the disinherison of the plaintiff." 3 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 228 (1768).

ad exitum (ad ek-si-tam), [Law Latin] At issue; at the end (usu. of pleadings).

ad faciendum (ad fay-shee-en-dam). [Latin], To do; to make.

ad factum praestandum (ad fak-tam pree-stand-dam). [Law Latin "for the performance of a particular act"], Scots law. An obligation to perform an act other than paying money; an obligation that must be strictly fulfilled (such as to hand over a vase sold). "In popular language almost all obligations may be said to be of this class, but there are obligations of a peculiar character which alone are denoted by the legal signification of this phrase. The obligation of a debtor is clearly one for the performance of a certain act, namely, the payment of his debt; but a decree at the instance of his creditor would not be termed a decree ad factum praestandum. An obligation ad factum praestandum is one for the performance of an act within the power of the obligant ...." John Trayner,Trayner's Latin Maxims 27 (4th ed. 1894).

ad feodi firmam (ad fee-a-di far-mam). [Law Latin], To fee farm. See FEE FARM.

ad fidem (ad fI-dam), adv. [Law Latin], In allegiance; under allegiance; owing allegiance . This term appeared in a variety of phrases, including ad fidem regis ("under the king's allegiance") and natus ad fidem regis ("born in allegiance to the king").

ad filum viae (ad fI-lam vI-ee), adv. [Law Latin], To the middle of the way; to the central line of the road. Also termed ad medium filum viae.

ad finem (ad fI-nam), adv. [Latin], To the end. This citation Signal, abbreviated in text ad fin., formerly provided only the first page of the section referred to, but now usu. directs the reader to a stated span of pages.

ad finitas (ad-fin-i-tas), n. [Latin], Roman law. The connection between a husband or wife and relatives of his or her spouse.

ad firmam tradidi (ad far-mam tray-da-di), n. [Law Latin], See FARM LET.

ad fundandam jurisdictionem (ad fan-dan-dam joor-is-dik-shee-oh-nam). [Law Latin] Hist. For the purpose of founding jurisdiction. See ARRESTUM JURISDICTIONIS FUNDANDAE CAUSA.

ad gaolam deliberandam (ad jay-lam di-lib-a-ran-dam), vb. [Law Latin], To deliver the jail;to make jail delivery. See COMMISSION OF GAOL DELIVERY; JAIL DELIVERY.

ad gravamen (ad gra-vay-man),adv. [Latin], To the grievance, injury, or oppression of (another person).

ad hoc (ad hok), adj. [Latin "for this"] Formed for a particular purpose <the board created an ad hoc committee to discuss funding for the new arena>. ad hoc, adv.

ad hoc arbitration See ARBITRATION.

ad hoc arbitration- Arbitration of only one issue.

ad hoc committee See COMMITTEE.

ad hoc committee- See special committee.

ad hoc compromis See COMPROMIS.

ad hoc compromis- (ad hok kom-pra-mee). An agreement in which countries submit a particular dispute that has arisen between them to an ad hoc or institutionalized arbitral tribunal or to an international court. Also termed compromis proper; special agreement.

ad hominem (ad hom-a-nam), adj. [Latin "to the person"], Appealing to personal prejudices rather than to reason; attacking an opponent's character rather than the opponent's assertions <the brief was replete with ad hominem attacks against opposing counsel>. ad hominem, adv.

ad hunc diem (ad hangk dI-am), adv. [Law Latin], To this day.

ad idem (ad I-dam). [Latin] To the same point or matter; of the same mind <the parties reached a consensus ad idem and agreed to consummate a sale>.

ad inde (ad in-dee), adv. [Law Latin], To that or them; thereto.

ad inferos [Law Latin], To the center of the earth. See AD COELUM ET AD INFEROS.

ad infinitum (ad in-fa-ni-tam). [Latin "without limit"], To an indefinite extent <a corporation has a duration ad infinitum unless the articles ofincorporation specify a shorter period>.

ad informandum judicem (ad in-for-man-dam joo-di-sam). [Law Latin], Hist. For the judge's information. Also termed ad informationem judiciS.

ad informationem judicis See AD INFORMANDUM JUDICEM.

ad inquirendum (ad in-kwa-ren-dam), n. [Law Latin "to inquire"], Hist. A writ instructing the recipient to investigate something at issue in a pending case.

ad instantiam partis (ad in-stan-shee-am pahr-tis), adv. [Law Latin] Hist. At the instance of a party.

ad interim (ad in-tar-im), adv. [Latin], Hist. In the meantime; temporarily.

ad interim copyright See COPYRIGHT.

ad interim copyright- A limited five-year U.S. copyright granted to the author of a foreign edition of an English-language book or periodical if, within six months after its publication abroad, the author deposited one complete copy of that edition in the U.S. Copyright Office and requested ad interim copyright protection. An ad interim copyright was granted as an exception to the 1909 Copyright Act's manufacturing clause, which limited copyright protection for English-language books and periodicals to those printed in the U.S. If the copyright owner published the work in the U.S. during the period of ad interim protection and complied with the Act's manufacturing requirements, full copyright protection related back to the date of first publication. Oth erwise' the work went into the public domain at the end of five years.

ad judicium provocare (ad joo-dish-ee-am proh-va-kair-ee), vb. [Latin], To summon to court; to commence an action.

ad jungendum auxilium (ad jan-jen-dam awg-zil-ee-am), vb. [Law Latin], To join in aid.

ad jura regis (ad joor-a ree-jis), n. [Law Latin "for the rights of the king"], Hist. A writ brought against a person seeking to eject the holder of a royal benefice. The writ was available to the holder of the benefice.

ad largum (ad lahr-gam), adj. [Law Latin], At large; at liberty; unconfined.

ad levandam conscientiam (ad la-van-dam kon-shee-en-shee-am). [Law Latin] Scots law. For the purpose of easing the conscience . -The phrase typically described certain confessions that a criminal suspect voluntarily made when apprehended and that could be used as evidence in the criminal trial. But an arrested suspect's responses to questions posed by the arresting officer were usu. not admissible because only a magistrate could ask such questions.

ad libellum rescribere (ad la-bel-am ri-skrI-ba-ree), vb. [Latin], Roman law. To write an answer to a petition, esp. one to the emperor. See RESCRIPT (3).

ad libitum (ad lib-i-tam), adv. [Law Latin], At pleasure.The modern term ad-lib (adj. & vb.), borrowed from drama and music, is essentially the same; it means "at the performer's pleasure," and allows the performer discretion in innovating a part impromptu. "[B]ut in actions where the damages are precarious, being to be assessed ad libitum by ajury, as in actions for words, ejectment, or trespass, it is very seldom possible for a plaintiff to swear to the amount of his cause of action; and therefore no special bail is taken thereon ...." 3 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 292 (1768).

ad litem (ad Ii-tem or -tam). [Latin "for the suit"], For the purposes of the suit; pending the suit. See guardian ad litem under GUARDIAN.

ad longum (ad long-gam). [Law Latin), Hist. At length.

ad lucrandum vel perdendum (ad loo-kran-dam vel par-dan-dam), adv. [Law Latin), For gain or loss. These were emphatic words in a warrant of attorney. It is sometimes expressed "to lose and gain." See WARRANT OF ATTORNEY.

ad majorem cautelam (ad ma-jor-am kaw-tee-Iam), adv. [Law Latin), For greater security.

ad manum (ad may-nam), adj. [Latin], At hand; ready for use.

ad medium filum aquae See AD FILUM AQUAE.

ad medium filum viae See AD FILUM VIAE.

ad melius inquirendum (ad mee-Iee-as in-kwa-ren-dam), n. [Law Latin "for making better inquiry"], Hist. A writ commanding a coroner to hold a second inquest.

ad mordendum assuetus (ad mor-den-dam a-swee-tas), adj. [Law Latin] Hist. Accustomed to bite. This phrase was a common charge in a declaration of damage done by a dog to a person or to another animal.

ad nocumentum (ad nok-yoo-men-tam), adv. [Law Latin]. Hist. To the nuisance; to the hurt or injury.

ad non executa (ad non ek-sa-kyoo-ta), adv. [Latin] Hist. For the things not executed (as by an executor).

ad omissa vel male appretiata (ad oh-mis-a vel mal-ee a-pree-shee-ay-ta). [Law Latin] Scots law. Concerning things omitted or undervalued. The phrase refers to an executor's duty to include in an estate's inventory previously omitted items or to reevaluate undervalued items in the estate's inventory.

ad opus (ad oh-pas), adv. [Law Latin]. For the benefit; for the use . This term indicated an intent to create a use to benefit another. See USE (4).

ad ostendendum (ad ah-sten-den-dam), vb. [Law Latin]. To show.

ad ostium ecclesiae (ad ah-stee-am e-klee-z[h]ee-ee), adv. [Law Latin]. At the church door. See dower ad ostium ecclesiae under DOWER.

ad paratam executionem (ad pa-ray-tam ek-si-kyoo-shee-oh-nam). [Law Latin]. Hist. For execution on completed diligence . The phrase appeared in judgments.

ad pares casus (ad par-eez kay-sas). [Law Latin]. Hist. To similar cases.

ad perpetuam rei memoriam (ad par-pech-oo-am ree-I ma-mor-ee-am). (Latin], Hist. For a perpetual record of the matter. "By the statute 1685, a register-book is appointed to be kept, in which entails are to be recorded, with the name of the maker, the heirs, the provisions and conditions of the entail, 'all to remain in the said register ad perpetuam rei memoriam.'" John Trayner, Trayners Latin Maxims 29-30 (4th ed. 1894).

ad perpetuam remanentiam (ad par-pech-oo-am rem-a-nen-shee-am). [Law Latin]. Hist. To remain forever. When a vassal surrendered the right of property to the superior ad perpetuam remanentiam, the surrender was in favor of the superior, as distinguished from a transfer in favorem, in which the vassal transferred the property to the superior to be regranted in favor of a purchaser.

ad pios usus (ad pI-ohs yoo-sas or yoo-zas), adv. [Law Latin]. For pious (religious or charitable) uses or purposes. This phrase was used in reference to gifts and bequests.

ad pristinum statum (ad pris-ti-nam stay-tam). [Latin]. Hist. To its pristine condition.

ad prosequendam (ad prahs-a-kwen-dam), vb. [Law Latin] To prosecute.

ad punctum temporis (ad pangk-tam tem-pa-ris), adv. [Law Latin]. At the point of time.