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in personam jurisdiction See personal jurisdiction.

in pessimafide (in pes-a-ma fi-dee). [Latin]. In the worst faith; dishonestly.

in petitorio (in pet-a-tor-ee-oh). [Latin]. In a petitory action.

in pios usus (in pi as yoo-sas), adv. [Law Latin]. For pious uses; for religious purposes. This phrase referred to property used by, or claimed by, the church, such as the property of an intestate who had no known heirs.

in placito (in plas-a-toh). [Law Latin]. In a suit.

in plena vita (in plee-na vi-ta), adv. & adj. [Law Latin] In full life .

in pleno comitatu (in plee-noh kahm-i-tay-t[y]oo), adv. & adj. [Law Latin] In full county court.

in pleno lumine (in plee-noh loo-ma-nee), adv. & adj. [Law Latin] In the light of day; in common knowledge; in public.

in po testate viri (in poh-tes-tay-tee veer-i). [Latin]. Under the power of the husband. Formerly, this phrase appeared in reference to the position of a wife in legal matters because the husband was the guardian of the wife.

in poenam (in pee-nam). [Latin]. As a penalty; as a punishment.

in point See ON POINT.

in posse (in pos-ee). [Latin] Not currently existing, but readv to come into existence under certain conditions in the future; potential <the will contemplated both living children and children in posse>. Cf. IN ESSE.

in possessorio (in pah-ses-sor-ee-oh). [Law Latin]. In a possessory suit.

in potestate parentis (in poh-tes-tay-tee pa-ren-tis), adv. & adj. [Latin] Hist. In the power of a parent. See PATRIA POTESTAS.

in potestate patris (in poh-tes-tay-tee pay-tris or pa-tris). [Latin] Roman law. Under the power of the father. The phrase appeared in reference to the position of a child in power. See patria potestas under POTESTAS; SUB POTESTATE. Cf. SUI JURIS.

in praemissorumfidem (in pree-ma-sor-am [or prem-a-] fi-dam), adv. & adj. [Law Latin]. In confirmation or attestation of the premises. This phrase commonly appeared in notarized documents.

in praesenti (in pri-zen-ti or pree-). [Latin] At present; right now. Cf. IN FUTURO.

in praesentia dominorum (in pri-zen-shee-a dom-a-nor-am). [Latin]. In presence of the lords. The phrase was added to the presiding judges signature to indicate that the remaining judges did not have to sign the document because the presiding judge had signed the writing in their presence. - Abbr. IPD.

in prender (in pren-dar), adj. [Law French "in taking"]. (Of a right) consisting in property taken to fulfill a claim to it, such as an incorporeal hereditament (as a heriot custom) that a lord had to seize in order to exercise the right to it. Cf. IN RENDER.

in primis (in pri-mis). See IMPRIMIS.

in principio (in prin-sip-ee-oh), adv. [Latin] At the beginning.

in privato patrimonio (in pri-vay-toh pa-tra-moh-nee-oh). [Latin] Hist. Among private property.

in promptu (in promp-t[y]oo), adv. & adj. [Latin "at hand"] Archaic. Impromptu.

in propria persona (in proh-pree-a par-soh-na). [Latin "in ones own person"] See PRO SE.

in proximo gradu (in prok-sa-moh gray-d[y]oo). [Latin] Roman law. In the nearest degree. The phrase appeared in reference to a childs relationship to the father or to a grandchilds relation to a grandfather if the grandchild represented his or her deceased father. See PER STIRPES.

in publica custodia (in pab-li-ka kas-toh-dee-a). [Latin]. In the public custody. The phrase appeared in reference to public records.

in publicam vindictam (in pab-li-kam vin-dik-tam). [Latin]. For vindicating public right.

in puram eleemosynam (in pyoor-am el-a-mos-a-nam). [Law Latin]. In pure charity. Gifts were sometimes made to churches in puram eleemosynam, requiring nothing but prayers for the grantor in return.

in quantum locupletiores facti sumus ex damno alterius (in kwon-tam lok-yoo-plee-shee-or-eez fak-ti s[y] oo-mas eks dam-noh al-teer-ee-as). [Latin] Roman law. Insofar as we have been enriched to the loss or by the damage of another. The phrase appeared in reference to the rule by which certain persons were bound in restitution to the extent of their enrichment. See NEGOTIORUM GESTIO.

in quantum lucratus est (in kwon-tam loo-kray-tas est). [Latin]. Insofar as he has gained or profited.

in quantum valeat (in kwon-tam vay-lee-at or -at). [Latin]. For what it is worth.

in qui bus infitiando lis crescit (in kwib-as in -fish-ee-an-doh lis kres-it). [Latin] Roman law. In which the suit increases by denial. The phrase appeared in reference to the measure of damages in a legal action when, if the defendant wrongfully denied a claim for damages, the defendant could be penalized by a multiple of the original claimed amount, usu. double, triple, or quadruple. - Also spelled inficiando.

in re (in ree or ray). [Latin "in the matter of"]. (Of a judicial proceeding) not formally including adverse parties, but rather involving something (such as an estate). The term is often used in case citations, esp. in uncontested proceedings <In re Butlers Estate>. Also termed matter of<Alatter of Butlers Estate>.

in re mercatoria (in ree mar-ka-tor-ee-a). [Latin] Scots law. In a mercantile transaction. Documents made in or connected with a mercantile transaction did not require the typical formalities in order to be binding. "All writings in re mercatoria are privileged, and are held valid and binding, although wanting the solemnities com mon and necessary to ordinary deeds .... This privilege has been given to these documents, because of the rapidity with which, in most cases, they have to be prepared, and the immediate use to which they have to be put, and also because, from the necessity of the case, they are generally prepared by those who are not supposed to be acquainted with the formalities and solem nities of deeds." John Trayner, Trayners Latin Maxims 273 (4th ed. 1894).

in re propria (in ree proh-pree-a). [Latin]. In ones own affairs.

in rebus (in ree-bas), adv. [Latin] In things, cases, or matters.

in rebus litigiosis (in ree-bas li-tij-ee-oh-sis). [Latin]. In things subject to litigation.

in rem (in rem), adj. [Latin "against a thing"]. Involving or determining the status of a thing, and therefore the rights of persons generally with respect to that thing. Also termed (archaically) impersonal. See action in rem under ACTION (4). Cf. IN PERSONAM. in rem, adv. "An action in rem is one in which the judgment of the court determines the title to property and the rights of the parties, not merely as between themselves, but also as against all persons at any time dealing with them or with the property upon which the court had adjudicated." R.H. Graveson, Conflict of Laws 98 (7th ed. 1974).

in rem versum (in rem var-sam). [Latin] Roman law. Employed in ones own matter; used to ones own advantage. See ACTION DE IN REM VERSO.

in rem judgment See judgment in rem.

in rem jurisdiction See JURISDICTION.

in rem jurisdiction (in rem). A court"s power to adjudicate the rights to a given piece of property, including the power to seize and hold it. Also termed jurisdiction in rem. See IN REM. Cf. personal jurisdiction; subject-matter jurisdiction.

in rem suam (in rem s[y]oo-am). [Latin]. Regarding ones own property; for ones own advantage.

in render (in ren-dar), adj. [Law French "in yielding or paying"]. (Of property) required to be given or rendered. Cf. IN PRENDER.

in rerum natura (in reer-am na-tyuur-a), adv. & adj. [Law Latin]. ln the nature of things; in existence. This phrase was used in a dilatory plea alleging that the plaintiff was a fictitious person, and therefore not capable of bringing the action.

in retentis (in ri-ten-tis). [Law Latin "among things withheld"] Scots law. Subject to reservation. Evidence might be taken in retentis if, for example, the witness were mortally ill, and then be set aside until the proper time to produce it.

in rigore juris (in rig-ar-ee joor-is). [Latin]. According to strict law.

in rixa (in rik-sa). [Latin] Scots law. In an altercation or brawl. Words spoken in rixa were usu. not actionable as defamation.

in rixa per plures commissa (in rik-sa par pluur-eez [or ploo-reez] ka-mis-a). [Latin] Scots law. An offense committed in the course of a quarrel involving several persons.

in sacris (in say-kris). [Latin] Scots law. In sacred matters. The phrase appeared in reference to the supremacy of ecclesiastical-court jurisdiction in certain matters, esp. those involving church doctrine and discipline.

in separali (in sep-a-ray-li), adv. & adj. [Law Latin] In several; in severalty.

in simili materia (in sim-a-li ma-teer-ee-a), adv. & adj. (Law Latin] Of the same or a similar subject matter.

in solido (in sol-a-doh). [Latin "as a whole"] (Of an obligation) creating joint and several liability. The term is used in most civil-law jurisdictions, but no longer in Louisiana. - Also termed in solidum. See SOLIDARY.

in solidum (in sol-a-dam). See IN SOLIDO.

in solo (in soh-loh), adv. & adj. [Latin] In the soil or ground.

in solo alieno (in soh-loh ay-lee-ee-noh or al-ee-), adv. & adj. [Latin] In anothers ground.

in solo proprio (in soh-loh proh-pree-oh), adv. & adj. (Latin] In ones own ground.

in solutum (in sa-loo-tam). [Latin]. In payment.

in spe (in spee). [Latin]. In hope.

in specie (in spee-shee-ee or spee-shee). [Latin" in kind"]. In the same or like form; IN KIND <the partners were prepared to return the borrowed items in specie>.

in statu quo (in stay-t[y]oo kwoh). [Latin "in the state in which"] In the same condition as previously <Johnson, as a minor, can recover the whole of what he paid if he puts the other party in statu quo by returning all the value received>. Also termed in statu quo ante. See STATUS QUO.

in stirpes (in star-peez). See PER STIRPES.

in subsidium (in sab-sid-ee-am). [Latin]. In aid of. insufficient evidence. See EVIDENCE.

in suo (in s[y]oo-oh). [Latin]. In reference to ones own affairs.

in suo genere (in s[y]oo-oh jen-ar-ee). [Latin]. Of their own kind. The phrase usu. referred to certain writings that were binding even though they lacked the formal requirements.

in suo ordine (in s[y]oo-oh or-da-nee). [Latin]. In his order. "In suo ordine .... A cautioner who is entitled to the benefit of discussion can only be called upon, for fulfilment of the obligation which he guaranteed, in his order that is, after the principal creditor has been discussed. So, also, an heir can only be made liable for the moveable debts of his ancestor, after the executor who succeeded to the moveable estate has been discussed, and where the moveable estate has proved insufficient to meet those debts." John Trayner, Trayners Latin Maxims 277 (4th ed. 1894).

in tail See TAIL.

in tantum (in tan-tam). [Latin]. To that extent; insofar. Cf. PRO TANTO.

in tempus indebitum (in tem-pas in-deb-i-tam). [Law Latin]. At an undue time.

in terminis (in tar-ma-nis). [Law Latin]. In express terms; expressly.

in terminis terminantibus (in tar-ma-nis tar-ma-nan-ti-bas), adv. & adj. [Law Latin]. In terms of deter¬mination; in express or determinate terms.

in terrorem (in te-ror-am), adv. & adj. [Latin "in order to frighten"]. By way of threat; as a warning <the demand letter was sent in terrorem; the client has no intention of actually suing>.

in terrorem clause See NO-CONTEST CLAUSE.

in terrorem populi (in te-ror-am pop-ya-li), adv. [Latin]. To the terror of the people. This phrase was necessary in an indictment for riot.

in testimonium (in tes-ta-moh-nee-am), adv. & adj. [Latin] In witness; in evidence of which. This phrase sometimes opens attestation clauses.

in the course of employment Workers compensation. (Of an accident) having happened to an on-the-job employee within the scope of employment.

in the year of Our Lord See ANNO DOMINI.

in thesi (in thee-si) [Latin) Hist. In the particular case, which has occurred. Cf. IN HYPOTHESI.

in toto (in toh-toh), ad. [Latin "in whole"]. Completely; as a whole <the company rejected the offer in toto>.

in transitu (in tran-si-t[y]oo or tranz-i-t[y]oo). [Latin "in transit; on the journey") Archaic. Being conveyed from one place to another.

in tuto (in t[y]oo-toh), [Law Latin]. In safety.

in utero (in yoo-ta-roh). [Latin "in the uterus"]. In the womb; during gestation or before birth <child in utero>.

in utroque jure (in yuu-troh-kwee joor-ee), adv, & adj. [Latin] In both laws that is, civil law and canon law.

in ventre sa mere (in ven-tree sa mer). See EN VENTRE SA MERE.

in vinculis (in ving-kad-lis). [Latin "in chains"]. In actual custody. "The engagement of a magistrate to an accomplice, that if he will give his evidence. he will experience favor, is merely in the nature of a recommendation to mercy, for no authority is given to ajustice of the peace to pardon an offender. and to tell him that he shall be a witness against others. He is not therefore assured of his pardon, but gives his evidence in vinculis, in custody: and it depends on his behaviour, whether he shall or shall not be admitted to mercy." 1 Joseph Chitty, A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law 82-83 (2d ed. 1826).

in viridi observantia (in vir-a-di ob-zar-van-shee-a), adj. [Latin "in fresh observance"]. Present to the minds of people, and in full force and operation.

in vitro fertilization A procedure by which an egg is fertilized outside a womans bodv and then inserted into the womb for gestation. - Abbr. lVF. Cf. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; ZYGOTE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER; GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER.

in vivo fertilization The process in which an egg is fertilized inside a womans body. Cf. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; ZYGOTE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER; GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER.

in witness whereof The traditional beginning of the concluding clause (termed the testimonium clause) of a will or contract, esp. a deed. See TESTIMONIUM CLAUSE.

in, prep Under or based on the law of <to bring an action in contract>.

inaccuracy rejection Rejection of a patent claim on the ground that it is not consistent with the description.

inaccuracy rejection See REJECTION.

inactive case A pending case that is not proceeding toward resolution . This may occur for several reasons, such as non service, want of prosecution, or (in a criminal case) the defendant's having absconded.

inactive case- See CASE.

inactive stock See STOCK.

inactive stock A low-volume stock.

inadequate assistance of counsel See ineffective assistance of counsel.

inadequate assistance of counsel- See ineffective assistance ofcounsel under ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

inadequate consideration Consideration that is not fair or reasonable under the circumstances of the agreement. Cf. adequate consideration.

inadequate consideration- See CONSIDERATION (1).