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registrum originale (ri-jis-tram a-rij-a-nay-lee). [Latin]. The register of original writs. - Abbr. reg. orig.

registry 1. See probate judge under jeDGE. 2. REGISTER (2). 3. Maritime law. The list or record ofships subject to a particular country s maritime regulations. A ship is listed under the nationality of the flag it flies. See CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRY. Cf. REGISTER OF SHIPS; enrollment of vessels under ENROLLMENT.

regnal (reg-nal), adj. Of or relating to a monarch s reign <the regnal years of Henry II are 1154-1159>.

regnal year A year of a monarch s reign, marked from the date or anniversary of the monarch s accession. Before 1962, British statutes were cited by the regnal years in which they were enacted. Since 1962, British statutes have been cited by calendar year rather than regnal year. (A table of British regnal years is listed in Appendix F of this book.).

regnant (reg-nant), adj. Exercising rule, authority, or influence; reigning <a queen regnant>.

regrant The act or an instance of granting something again; the renewal of a grant (as of property). regrant, vb.

regrating 1. The purchase of market commodities (esp. necessary provisions) for the purpose of reselling them in or near the same market at a higher price. 2. The resale of commodities so purchased. In England, regrating was a criminal offense. regrater, n.- regrate, vb. "Regrating is described by [5 & 6 Edw. 6, ch. 14] to be the buying of corn, or other dead Victual, in any market, and selling them again in the same market, or within four miles of the place. For this also enhances the price of the provisions, as every successive seller must have a successive profit." 4 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 158 (1769).

regress 1. The act or an instance of going or coming back; return or reentry <free entry, egress, and regress>. 2. The right or liberty of going back; reentry. Cf. EGRESS; INGRESS. 3. The right to repayment or compensation; recourse. - regress (ri-gres), vb.

regressive tax See TAX.

regressive tax A tax structured so that the effective tax rate decreases as the tax base increases. With this type of tax, the percentage of income paid in taxes decreases as the taxpayers income increases. A flat tax (such as the typical sales tax) is usu. considered regressive - despite its constant rate because it is more burdensome for low-income taxpayers than high-income taxpayers. A growing exemption also produces a regressive tax effect. Cf. progressive tax; flat tax.

regula (reg-ya-la). [Latin] A rule.

regula Catoniana (reg-ya-la kay-toh-nee-ay-na or ka-toh-). [Latin "rule attributed to Cato"] Roman law. The principle that the lapse of time does not cure something void at the outset. This principle, named for the Roman legal scholar Cato, was ordinarily used to set aside a bequest when the testator did not have the capacity to make the bequest.- Also termed Catonana regula.

regula generalis (reg-ya-la jen-a-ray-lis). [Latin] A general rule, esp. of a court. - Abbr. reg. gen.; r.g. PI. regulae generales.

regula placitandi (reg-ya-la plas-a-tan-di). [Latin]. A rule of pleading. - Abbr. reg. pl.

regula regulans (reg-ya-la reg-ya-lanz). [Law Latin]. The governing rule.

regular army See ARMY.

regular army The permanent military establishment, maintained during both war and peace time.

regular course of business See COURSE OF BUSINESS.

regular election See general election (1) under ELECTION (3).

regular election See general election.

regular income Income that is received at fixed or specified intervals.

regular income See INCOME.

regular life policy See life policy under INSURANCE POLlCY.

regular life policy See life policy.

regular meeting See MEETING.

regular process A process that issues lawfully according to prescribed practice. Cf. irregular process.

regular process See PROCESS.

regular session See SESSION (1).

regular session A session that takes place at fixed intervals or specified times.

regular term See TERM (5).

regular use See USE (1).

regulation 1. The act or process of controlling by rule or restriction <the federal regulation of the airline industry>.

Regulation A An SEC regulation that exempts stock offerings of up to $5 million from certain registration requirements.

Regulation D An SEC regulation that exempts certain stock offerings (such as those offered by private sale) from registration under the Securities Act of 1933.

Regulation Fair Disclosure An October 2000 SEC rule requiring companies to disclose material information to all investors at the same time. The regulation is intended to prevent some investors from receiving advance information about earnings, mergers and acquisitions, product discoveries, changes in auditors, and any other information that a reasonable investor would consider in making an investment decision. Often shortened to Regulation FD; Reg. FD.

Regulation FD See REGULATION FAIR DISCLOSURE.

Regulation J A Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs the collection of checks by and the transfer of funds through member banks.

Regulation Q A Federal Reserve Board regulation that sets interest-rate ceilings and regulates advertising of interest on savings accounts. The Banking Act of 1933 is the basis of this regulation, which applies to all commercial banks.

Regulation T A Federal Reserve Board regulation that limits the amount of credit that a securities broker or dealer may extend to a customer, and that sets initial margin requirements and payment rules for securities transactions. The credit limit and margin rules usu. require the customer to provide between 40 and 60% of the purchase price.

Regulation U A Federal Reserve Board regulation that limits the amount of credit that a bank may extend to a customer who buys or carries securities on margin.

Regulation X A HUD regulation that implements the provisions of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. See REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES ACT.

Regulation Z A Federal Reserve Board regulation that implements the provisions of the federal Consumer Credit Protection Act for member banks. See CONSUMER CREDIT PROTECTION ACT.

regulatory agency See AGENCY (3).

regulatory offense See OFFENSE (1).

regulatory offense 1. A statutory crime, as opposed to a common-law crime. 2. See public-welfare offense

regulatory search See administrative search under SEARCH.

regulatory search See administrative search.

regulatory-out clause See FERC-OUT CLAUSE.

reh g abbr, REHEARING.

rehabere facias seisinam See HABERE FACIAS SEISINAM.

rehabilitation 1. Criminal law. The process of seeking to improve a criminal s character and outlook so that he or she can function in society without committing other crimes <rehabilitation is a traditional theory of criminal punishment, along with deterrence and retribution>. Cf. DETERRE~CE; RETRIBUTION (1). 2. Evidence. The restoration of a witness s credibility after the witness has been impeached <the inconsistencies were explained away during the prosecution s rehabilitation of the witness>. 3. Bankruptcy. The process of reorganizing a debtor s financial affairs under Chapter 11, 12, or 13 of the Bankruptcy Code so that the debtor may continue to exist as a financial entity, with creditors satisfying their claims from the debtor s future earnings <the corporation s rehabilitation was successful>.Also termed debtor rehabilitation. Cf. LIQUIDATION (4). rehabilita¬tive, ad). - rehabilitate, vb.

rehabilitative alimony Alimony found necessary to assist it divorced person in acquiring the education or training required to find employment outside the home or to reenter the labor force . It usu. has time limitations, such as a maximum of one or two years. Also termed short-term alimony; transitional alimony.

rehabilitative alimony See ALIMOKY.

rehearing A court s second or subsequent hearing of a case, a motion, or an appeal, usu. to consider an alleged error or omission in the court s judgment or opinion <the appellant, dissatisfied with the appellate court s ruling, filed a motion for rehearing>. Abbr. reh g. Cf. REARGUMENT.

rei (ree-i), pl. REUS.

rei interitus (ree-i in-ter-a-tas). [Latin].The destruction of a thing.

rei interventus (ree-i in-tar-ven-tas), n. [Latin "things intervening"] Actions or efforts by one party to a contract with the consent of the other party, so that the one party has made a partial performance and the other cannot repudiate without being in breach.

rei suae providus (ree-i s[y]oo-ee pra-vi-das). [Latin]. Careful of one s property. Interdiction, whether voluntary or judicial, can only be recalled or removed by an interlocutor of Court, and it affords a good ground on which to apply for the removal of the restraint imposed by interdiction that the interdicted has become rei suae providus." John Trayner, Trayner s Latin Maxims 546-47 (4th ed. 1894).

reif (reef). Scots law. Robbery.

reification (ree-a-fi-kay-shan), 1. Mental conversion of an abstract concept into a material thing. 2. Civil procedure. Identification of the disputed thing in a nonpersonal action and attribution of an in-state situs to it for jurisdictional purposes. 3. Commercial law. Embodiment of a right to payment in a writing (such as a negotiable instrument) so that a transfer of the writing also transfers the right. reify (ree-a-fi or ray-), vb.

reimbursement 1. Repayment. 2. Indemnification. reimburse, vb.

reimbursement alimony Alimony designed to repay a spouse who during the marriage made financial contributions that directly enhanced the future earning capacity of the other spouse . An example is alimony for a wife who worked full-time supporting herself and her husband with separate-property earnings while he earned a medical degree.

reimbursement alimony See ALIMONY.

reinscription A second or renewed recordation of a mortgage or other title document. - reinscribe, vb.

reinstate To place again in a former state or position; to restore <the judge reinstated the judgment that had been vacated>. reinstatement, n.

reinsurance Insurance of all or part of one insurer s risk by a second insurer, who accepts the risk in exchange for a percentage of the original premium, Also termed reassurance. The term reinsurance has been used by courts, attorneys, and textwriters with so little discrimination that much confusion has arisen as to what that term actually connotes. Thus, it has so often been used in connection with transferred risks, assumed risks, consolidations and mergers, excess insurance, and in other connections that it now lacks a cleancut field of operation. Reinsurance, to an insurance lawyer, means one thing only the ceding by one insurance company to another of all or a portion of its risks for a stipulated portion of the premium, in which the liability of the reinsurer is solely to the reinsured, which is the ceding company, and in which contract the ceding company retains all contact with the original insured, and handles all matters prior to and subsequent to loss," 13A John Alan Appleman &Jean Appleman, Insurance Law and Practice § 7681, at 479-80 (1976). The laying off of risk by means of reinsurance traditionally serves three basic purposes, First, reinsurance can increase the capacity of the insurer to accept risk. The insurer may be enabled to take on larger individual risks, or a large number of smaller risks, or a combination of both. Secondly, reinsurance can promote financial stability by ameliorating the adverse consequences of an unexpected accumulation of losses or of single catastrophic losses, because these will, at least in part, be absorbed by reinsurers. Thirdly, reinsurance can strengthen the solvency of an insurer from the point of view of any regulations under which the insurer must operate which provide for a minimum solvency margin, generally expressed as a ratio of net premium income over capital and free reserves." P.T.

reinsurance See REINSURANCE.

reinsurance treaty A contract of reinsurance (usu.longterm) covering different classes or lines of business of the reinsured (such as professional liability, property, etc.) and obligating the reinsurer in advance to accept the cession of covered risks. Rather than receive individual notice of each specific claim covered, the treaty reinsurer will generally receive periodic reports providing basic information on the losses paid. Also termed treaty ofreinsurance, See BORDEREAU. Cf. FACULTATIVE CERTIFICATE.

reinsured An insurer that transfers all or part of a risk it underwrites to a reinsurer, usu. along with a percentage of the original premium. Also termed cedent; cedant.

reinsurer An insurer that assumes all or part of a risk underwritten by another insurer, usu. in exchange for a percentage of the original premium.

reinvested dividend A dividend that is used to purchase additional shares in the corporation, instead of being taken in cash by the shareholder. See DIVIDEND- REINVESTMENT PLAN.

reinvested dividend See DIVIDEND.

reinvestment 1. The addition of interest earned on a monetary investment to the principal sum. 2. A second, additional, or repeated investment; esp., the application of dividends or other distributions toward the purchase of additional shares (as of a stock or a mutual fund).

reissne 1. An abstractor s certificate attesting to the correctness of an abstract. - A reissue is an important precaution when the abstract comprises an original abstract brought down to a certain date and then several later continuations or extensions. 2. See reissue patent under PATENT (3).

reissuable error See REISSUABLE ERROR. 2. A mistake of law or offact in a tribunal's judgment, opinion, or order.

reissuable error A type of nondeceptive mistake in a patent that may be corrected in a reissue patent. 35 USC A § 252.

reissuable error- See REISSUABLE ERROR.

reissuable note See NOTE (1).

reissue patent A patent that is issued to correct unintentional or unavoidable errors in an original patent, such as to revise the specification or to fix an invalid claim. A reissue may correct patent defects that might call the validity of the patent into question. It is also used, although rarely, to make the claims broader or narrower. The patentee risks the possibility that previously allowed claims may be rejected. It does not change the term of the patent. 35 USCA § 251. Sometimes shortened to reissue.

reissue patent See PATENT (3).

REIT (reet). abbr. REAL-ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST.

reject, assume or. See ASSUME OR REJECT.

rejecting A parent s or caregiver s pattern of refusing to acknowledge a child s worth or legitimate needs. Cf. ISOLATING; IGNORING.

rejection 1. A refusal to accept a contractual offer. 2. A refusal to accept tendered goods as contractual performance. Under the UCC, a buyer s rejection of nonconforming goods must be made within a reasonable time after tender or delivery, and notice of the rejection must be given to the seller. Cf. REPUDIATION (2); RESCISSION; REVOCATION (1). 3. Parliamentary law. Failure of adoption or ratification. See LOST (3).4. Patents. A patent examiner s finding in an office action that a claim in an application is unpatentable. Cf. OBJECTION (4); RESTRICTION (4). reject, vb.

rejection on issues of interference. Rejection of a patent claim on the ground that the applicant has lost a final judgment of priority regarding the claim in an interference contest.

rejoinder Common-law pleading. The defendant s answer to the plaintiff s reply (or replication). rejoin, vb.

related good Trademarks. A good that infringes a trademark because it appears to come from the same source as the marked good, despite not competing with the marked good. For example, a cutting tool named "McKnife" might infringe the "McDonald s" trademark as a related good.

related proceeding Bankruptcy. A proceeding that involves a claim that will affect the administration of the debtor s estate (such as a tort action between the debtor and a third party), but that does not arise under bankruptcy law and could be adjudicated in a state court. A related proceeding must be adjudicated in federal district court unless the parties consent to bankruptcy-court jurisdiction or unless the district court refers the matter to the bankruptcy court or to state court. - Also termed noncore proceeding. Cf. CORE PROCEEDING (1).

related proceeding See RELATED PROCEEDING.

related right See NEIGHBORING RIGHT.

relation See RELATIVE.

relation back 1. The doctrine that an act done at a later time is, under certain circumstances, treated as though it occurred at an earlier time. In federal civil procedure, an amended pleading may relate back, for purposes of the statute oflimitations, to the time when the original pleading was filed. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(c). 2. A judicial application of that doctrine. Also termed doctrine of relation back. Cf. NUNC PRO TUNC. relate back, vb.

relationship The nature of the association between two or more people; esp., a legally recognized association that makes a difference in the participants legal rights and duties of care.

relationship rape See RAPE.

relationship rape Rape committed by someone with whom the victim has had a significant association, often (though not always) of a romantic nature. This term encompasses all types of relationships, including family, friends, dates, cohabitants, and spouses, in which the victim has had more than brief or perfunctory interaction with the other person. Thus it does not extend to those with whom the victim has had only brief encounters or a nodding acquaintance. - Also termed prior-relationship rape. Cf. date rape; acquaintance rape.

relative A person connected with another by blood or affinity; a person who is kin with another. Also termed relation; kinsman. Cf. NEXT OF KIN (1).

relative by affinity A person who is related solely as the result of a marriage and not by blood or adoption. A person is a relative by affinity (1) to any blood or adopted relative of his or her spouse, and (2) to any spouse ofhis or her blood and adopted relatives. Based on the theory that marriage makes two people one, the relatives of each spouse become the other spouse relatives by affinity. See AFFINITY.

relative confession A confession of gUilt coupled with an accusation against another person as a participant in the crime .o If the accusation against the other person was proved, the accusing defendant was pardoned. If not, the defendant was convicted on the confession. See State v. Willis, 41 A. 820, 825 (Conn. 1898). See APPROVER (1).

relative confession See CONFESSION.

relative fact See FACT.