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inter sese See INTER SE.

inter virum et uxorem (in-tar vi-ram et ak-sor-am), adv. & adj. [Latin] Between husband and wife.

inter vivos (in-tar vi-vohs or vee-vohs), adj. [Latin "between the living"]. Of or relating to property conveyed not by will or in contemplation of an imminent death, but during the conveyors lifetime. inter vivos, adv.

inter vivos gift See GIFT.

inter vivos gift (in-tar-vi-vohs or vee-vohs). A gift of personal property made during the donor's lifetime and delivered to the donee with the intention of irrevocably surrendering control over the property. Also termed gift inter vivos; lifetime gift; absolute gift·

inter vivos transfer See TRANSFER.

inter vivos trust See TRUST.

Inter-American Bar Association An organization of lawyers from North America, Central America, and South America whose purpose is to promote education, cooperation, and profeSSional exchanges among lawyers from different American countries. Abbr. IABA.

Inter-American Foundation An independent federal foundation that supports social and economic development in Latin America and the Caribbean by making grants to private, indigenous organizations that carry out self-help projects benefiting poor people. The agency is governed by a nine-member board six from the private sector and three from the government. It was created in 1969 as an experimental foreign-assistance program. 22 USCA § 290f. Abbr. lAF.

intercalare (in-tar-ka-Iair-ee), vb. [Latin] Civil law. To introduce or insert among others; esp., to introduce a day or month into the calendar. From this Latin term derives the rare English word intercalate, roughly synonymous with interpolate.

intercedere (in-tar-see-da-ree), vb. [Latin] Roman law. To assume anothers debt; esp., to act as surety for another.

intercept A mechanism by which a portion of an obligors unemployment benefits, disability income, income-tax refund, or lottery winnings is automatically diverted to a child-support -enforcement agency to satisfy past-due support obligations.

intercept 1. To divert (money) from a payee to satisfy a financial obligation of the payee. 2. To covertly receive or listen to (a communication). The term usu. refers to covert reception by a law-enforcement agency. See WIRETAPPING.

interchangeable bond A bond that can be exchanged for a different type of bond, such as a coupon bond that may be exchanged for a registered bond.

interchangeable bond See BOND (3).

intercommon 1. To share in the rights to a common. 2. Scots law. To communicate or deal with (criminals or others). 3. Scots law. To prohibit (a person) from communicating or dealing with a criminal.

interconjunctas personas (in-tar kan-jangk-tas par-soh-nas). [Latin]. Between conjunct persons. Generally, conveyances between certain family members were void if designed to defraud.

intercountry adoption See international adoption under ADOPTION.

intercountry adoption See international adoption.

intercourse 1. Dealings or communications, esp. between businesses, governmental entities, or the like. 2. Physical sexual contact, esp. involving the penetration of the vagina by the penis.

interdependence The reliance of countries on each other to ensure their mutual subsistence and advancement.

interdict (in-tar-dikt). Roman & civil law. 1. An injunction or other prohibitory, exhibitory, or restitutory decree.

interdict (in-tar-dikt), vb. 1. To forbid or restrain. 2. To intercept and seize (contraband, etc.). 3. To remove a persons right to handle personal affairs because of mental incapacity.

interdiction 1. The act of forbidding or restraining.

interdiction ofcommercial intercourse A governmental prohibition of commercial trade. 2. The interception and seizure of something, esp. contraband. 3. The act of depriving a person of the right to handle his or her own affairs because of mental incapacity. See EX CAPITE INTERDICTIONIS. Cf. GUARDIANSHIP (1); CURATORSHIP; CURATOR (2). "Interdiction, now scarcely known in practice, was a means formerly adopted for the protection of those who were weak, facile, and easily imposed upon, and also for the protection of those who, being reckless and profuse, were unable to manage their estate with care and prudence. Interdiction was either judicial or voluntary: and in whichever of these modes the interdiction was effected and imposed, any disposition of heritage thereafter by the interdicted, without the consent of his interdictors, was liable to reduction on the ground of interdiction, except where the conveyances were onerous and rational." Joh n Trayner, Trayners Latin Maxims 193 (4th ed. 1894).

interdictory (in-tar-dik-tar-ee), adj. 1. Of or relating to an interdiction. 2. Having the power to interdict. Also termed interdictive.

interdictum (in-tar-dik-tam). [Latin] Roman law. A summary order to secure the applicants rights by preventing something from being done (prohibitory interdict) or requiring property to be produced (exhibitory interdict) or restored (restitutory interdict). A party might apply for an interdictum when some wrong had been done, or was likelv to be done, and it was necessary either to redress or to prevent the wrong at once, without waiting for the ordinary legal processes; often it was a preliminary to an ordinary action (e.g., by settling which party was entitled to be defendant in the action). PI. interdicta.

interdictum quod vi aut clam (in-tar-dik-tam kwod vi awt klam). [Latin "interdict because of force or stealth"] Roman law. An interdict issued against a person who forcibly (vi) or secretly (clam) altered or occupied the claimants property. The interdict required the defendant to restore the property to its previous condition. Cf. actio vi bonorum raptorum under ACTIO.

intereosdem (in-tar ee-ahs-dam). [Latin]. Between the same persons.

interesse (in-tar-es-ee). [Latin] 1. Monetary interest. 2. A legal interest in property.

interesse termini (in-tar-es-ee tar-ma-ni). [Latin "interest of term or end"] Archaic. A lessees right of entry onto the leased property; esp., a lessees interest in real property before taking possession. An interesse termini is not an estate; it is an interest for the term. It gives the lessee a claim against any person who prevents the lessee from entering or accepting delivery of the property. "[T]he interesse terminis] essential qualities, as a mere interest, in contradistinction to a term in possession, seems to arise from a want of possession. It is a right or interest only, and not an estate, and it has the properties of a right. It may be extinguished by a release to the lessor, and it may be assigned or granted away, but it cannot, technically considered, be surrendered; for there is no reversion before entry, in which the interest may drown. Nor will a release from the lessor operate by way of enlargement, for the lessee has no estate before entry." 4 James Kent, Commentaries on American Law *97 (George Comstock ed., 11th ed. 1866). "There was a troublesome doctrine of the common law which established, in the case of a lease not operating under the Statute of Uses, that the lessee acquired no estate in the land until he actually entered into possession. Until that time he was said to have a mere right to take possession, and this right was called an interesse termini. This requisite of entry to perfect a lease has, however, been swept away by the Law of Property Act, 1925, and all terms of years absol ute, whether created before or after the commencement of the Act, can take effect from the date fixed for the commencement of the term without actual entry." G.c Cheshire, Modern Law of Real Property 128-29 (3d ed. 1933).

interessee (in-ta-re-see). See real party in interest under PARTY (2).

interest 1. The object of any human desire; esp., advantage or profit of a financial nature <conflict of interest>. 2. A legal share in something; all or part of a legal or equitable claim to or right in property <right, title, and interest>. Collectively, the word includes any aggregation of rights, privileges, powers, and immunities; distributively, it refers to anyone right, privilege, power, or immunity.

interest arbitration Arbitration that involves settling the terms of a contract being negotiated between the parties; esp., in labor law, arbitration of a dispute concerning what provisions will be included in a new collective-bargaining agreement. When the parties cannot agree on contractual terms, an arbitrator decides. This type of arbitration is most common in public-sector collective bargaining.

interest arbitration See ARBITRATION.

interest as damages See INTEREST (3).

interest as damages Interest allowed by law in the absence of a promise to pay it, as compensation for a delay in paying a fixed sum or a delay in assessing and paying damages. Cf. conventional interest.

interest bond A bond paid in lieu of interest due on other bonds.

interest bond See BOND (3).

interest coupon See COUPON.

interest factor Insurance. In life-insurance ratemaking, an estimate of the interest or rate of return that the insurer will earn on premium payments over the life of a policy. The interest factor is one element that a life insurer uses to calculate premium rates. See PREMIUM RATE; gross premium (1) under PREMIUM (1). Cf. MORTALITY FACTOR; RISK FACTOR.

interest in the use and enjoyment of land The pleasure, comfort, and advantage that a person may derive from the occupancy of land. The term includes not only the interests that a person may have for residential, agricultural, commercial, industrial, and other purposes, but also interests in having the presentuse value of the land unimpaired by changes in its physical condition.

Interest on Lawyers Trust Accounts A program that allows a lawyer or law firm to deposit a clients retained funds into an interest-bearing account that designates the interest payments to charitable, law-related purposes, such as providing legal aid to the poor. Almost all states have either a voluntary or mandatory IOLTA program. Abbr. IOLTA.

interest policy See INSURANCE POLICY.

interest policy A policy whose terms indicate that the insured has an interest in the subject matter of the insurance. Cf. wager policy.

interest rate. The percentage that a borrower of money must pay to the lender in return for the use of the money, usu. expressed as a percentage of the principal payable for a one-year period. Often shortened to rate. Also termed rate of interest.

interest unity See unity of interest under UNITY.

interest warrant See WARRANT (2).

interest-analysis technique Conflict of laws. A method of resolving choice-of-law questions by reviewing a states laws and the states interests in enforcing those laws to determine whether that states laws or those of another state should apply. Also termed governmental-Interest-analysis technique. "Professor Brainerd Currie gets the major credit for developing the interest analisis, or governmental interest analysis, technique. Interest analysis requires an examination into competing laws to determine their underlying policies and the strength of the relative interests the competing sovereigns have in the application of their respective laws in the particular situation. The facts will vary and the strength of the relevant policies will wax and wane accordingly." David D. Siegel, Conflicts in a Nutshell 237 (2d ed. 1994).

interest-based quorum See QUORUM.

interest-based quorum A quorum determined according to the presence or representation of various constituencies. Also termed constituency-based quorum.

interest-coverage ratio The ratio between a companys pretax earnings and the annual interest payable on bonds and loans.

interested party A party who has a recognizable stake (and therefore standing) in a matter. Abbr. IP.

interested party See PARTY (2).

interested person See PERSON (1).

interested person A person having a property right in or claim against a thing, such as a trust or decedent s estate. The meaning may expand to include an entity, such as a business that is a creditor of a decedent. Abbr. IP.

interested shareholder A person who owns enough of a corporations stock to affect corporate decisionmaking, usu. at least 15-20% of the corporations outstanding stock. Also termed interested stock holder.

interested shareholder See SHAREHOLDER.

interested stockholder See interested shareholder under SHAREHOLDER.

interested witness See WITNESS.

interest-equalization tax A tax imposed on a U.S. citizens acquisition of stock issued by a foreign issuer or a debt obligation of a foreign obligor, but only if the obligation did not mature within a year. This tax was repealed in the mid-1970s. IRC (26 USCA) § 4911.

interest-equalization tax See TAX.

interest-free loan See LOAN.

interest-only loan See LOAN.

interest-only mortgage See MORTGAGE.

interest-rate swap An agreement to exchange interest receipts or interest-payment obligations, usu. to adjust ones risk exposure, to speculate on interest-rate changes, or to convert an instrument or obligation from a fixed to a floating rate - or from a floating to a fixed rate. The parties to such an agreement are termed "counterparties."

interferant 1. Something that interferes with the proper function of a chemical analysis; specif., a chemical contaminant that renders the results of a blood, breath, or urine test unreliable. 2. Patents. A party to an interference proceeding in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. This term declined in use after the 1960s; today the PTO and courts use the term "contestant." Also termed (in sense 2) contestant. See CONTESTANT (3).

interference 1. The act of meddling in anothers affairs. 2. An obstruction or hindrance. 3. Patents. An administrative proceeding in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine who is entitled to the patent when two or more applicants claim the same invention, or when an application interferes with an existing patent. This proceeding occurs when the same invention is claimed (1) in two pending applications, or (2) in one pending application and a patent issued within a year of the pending applications filing date. Also termed priority contest. 4. Trademarks. An administrative proceeding in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine whether a mark one party wants to register will cause confusion among consumers with another partys mark. An administrative hearing may be held to determine whose mark prevails, but applicants usu. withdraw their applications and devise new marks instead. - interfere, vb.

interference with a contractual relationship See TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS.

interference with a business relationship See TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH PROSPECTIVE ADVANTAGE.

interference with contract See TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS.

interference-estoppel rejection See REJECTION.

interference-estoppel rejection Rejection of a patent claim on the ground that the applicant failed to bring the claim into a previous interference contest where its priority could have been determined.

intergenerational love 1. Affection between adults and children. This sense usu. refers to interfamilial affection, as between grandparents and grandchildren, and does not include sexual feelings. 2. Romance or sexual contact between a child below the age of consent and an adult. Pedophiles use the term as a euphemism to assert that sexual contact between adults and children is consensual.

intergovernmental immunity The immunity between the federal and state governments based on their independent sovereignty. See INTERGOVERNMENTAL-IMMUNITY DOCTRINE.

intergovernmental immunity See IMMUNITY (1).

Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization A unit of the United Nations charged with setting international standards for vessel safety and personnel training for shipping on the open seas. Abbr. IMCO.

intergovernmental-immunity doctrine Constitutionallaw. The principle that both the federal government and the states are independent sovereigns, and that neither sovereign may intrude on the other in certain political spheres. Cf. PREEMPTION (5).

interim adj. Done, made, or occurring for an intervening time; temporary or provisional <an interim director>.

interim bond 1. A bond set by a police officer when a person is arrested for a minor offense, such as a mis-demeanor, without a warrant. o Although the bond allows the arrestee to be released, it requires that the person be available for arraignment. 2. A bond set by a judge or magistrate and attached to a misdemeanor warrant.

interim bond See BOND (2).

interim committitur (in-ta-rim ka-mit-a-tar). [Latin "in the meantime, let him be committed") A court order directing that a defendant be incarcerated pending further action.

interim curator Archaic. A person appointed by a justice of the peace to hold a felon's property until a royal administrator could be assigned the task. 3. Civil law. A guardian who manages the estate of a minor, an absent person, or an incapacitated person. PI. curatores.

interim curator See CURATOR (2).

interim dominus (in-tar-im dom-a-nas). [Law Latin]. Proprietor in the meantime. - The feminine form is domina. "A widow is interim domina of terce lands after her service, and in virtue thereof may either possess them herself, or let them out to tenants." John Trayner, Travners Latin Maxims 286 (4th ed. 1894).

interim financing A short-term loan secured to cover certain major expenditures, such as construction costs, until permanent financing is obtained. Also termed construction financing.

interim financing See FINANCING.

interim measure of protection An international tribunals order to prevent a litigant from prejudicing the final outcome of a lawsuit by arbitrary action before a judgment has been reached. This measure is comparable to a temporary injunction in national law.

interim order 1. A temporary court decree that remains in effect for a specified time or until a specified event occurs. 2. See interlocutory order.

interim order See ORDER (2).

interim receipt The written acknowledgment of a premium paid on an insurance policy that is pending final approval.

interim receipt See RECEIPT.

interim relief Relief that is granted on a preliminary basis before an order finally disposing of a request for relief.

interim relief See RELIEF.

interim statement Accounting. A periodic financial report issued during the fiscal year (usu. quarterly) that indicates the companys current performance. The SEC requires the company to file such a statement if it is distributed to the companys shareholders. Also termed interim report.

interim trustee See TRUSTEE (2).

interim zoning See ZONING.

interim-occupancy agreement A contract governing an arrangement (called a leaseback) whereby the seller rents back property from the buyer. See LEASE-BACK.

interinsurance See reciprocal insurance under INSURANCE.

interinsurance See reciprocal insurance.